La comprensión conceptual y la resolución de problemas en el aprendizaje de los conceptos de Desplazamiento, Velocidad y Aceleración
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Abstract
El propósito de este estudio fue aplicar los procesos de comprensión conceptual y de resolución de problemas a los conceptos de las variables cinemáticas para mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Los sujetos fueron 82 estudiantes que están registrados en un curso de física para estudiantes de ingeniería. La edad de ellos está comprendida entre los 18 y 19 años, entre los cuales se cuentan 59 hombres y 25 mujeres. La tarea instruccional correspondió a la unidad de Cinemática de la Partícula en una Dimensión y los temas tratados fueron los conceptos de desplazamiento, velocidad media e instantánea y aceleración media e instantánea. El instrumento para medir el desempeño de los estudiantes fue una prueba de múltiple respuesta con 16 preguntas. El procedimiento seguido durante la intervención fue el siguiente: (1) Presentar la intervención al grupo experimental y al grupo de control el modelo tradicional (2) Administrar la prueba de desempeño. La prueba de Gosset aplicada dio un valor de p < 0,035 por lo tanto se acepta la hipótesis de investigación. Los resultados obtenidos se deben a la aplicación de las representaciones múltiples que enganchan al estudiante en el aprendizaje del concepto.
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