Current Analysis of Monkeypox: Global Dynamics, Transmission, and Health Responses

Abstract

Monkeypox, caused by the Monkeypox virus, is a zoonotic disease first identified in Africa in 1958. In recent years, it has transitioned from an endemic disease in Central and West Africa to a global concern due to outbreaks in non-endemic regions such as Europe, the Americas, and Asia. This study examines the recent evolution of monkeypox, focusing on its epidemiological changes, transmission mechanisms, and implemented control strategies. A systematic review of scientific literature published in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar was conducted. The findings are organized into three main areas: (1) epidemiology, highlighting the increase in cases in non-endemic regions; (2) transmission, emphasizing human-to-human spread through close contact and specific networks; and (3) control strategies, including informational campaigns, contact tracing, and vaccination. The results underscore the importance of strengthening global epidemiological surveillance and designing non-stigmatizing interventions that account for the social dynamics and transmission patterns of the virus. This analysis provides valuable insights for preventing the global spread of monkeypox and minimizing its public health impacts.